9cde4e128c feat: run ACP sessions in sandbox execution targets (#9390)
## Thinking Path

> - Paperclip is the open source app people use to manage AI agents for
work
> - Agent adapters (Claude, Codex, Gemini) default to the ACP engine
lane, which needs a live bidirectional stdio session with the agent
process
> - Sandbox execution targets only exposed one-shot command execution,
so every ACP-capable adapter refused remote targets and fell back to the
CLI lane with a "supports only the local Paperclip host" warning
> - Running agents in sandboxes is a core deployment mode, and losing
ACP there means losing streaming updates, structured events, and
default-lane parity with local runs
> - This pull request adds a provider-agnostic process-session bridge
that relays the ACP stdio session into the sandbox over the existing
sandbox runner contract, and updates the adapters to use it
> - The benefit is that the default ACP lane now behaves the same on the
local host and in any sandbox provider, with CLI fallback reserved for
targets that genuinely cannot host a bidirectional session

## Linked Issues or Issue Description

No existing public issue covers this; inline description following the
feature request template:

**Problem or motivation**

Configuring an ACP-capable adapter (e.g. Claude) with a sandbox
environment made every run fall back to the CLI lane with the warning
"Claude ACP currently supports only the local Paperclip host, but this
run targets a remote environment." The ACP engine only knew how to spawn
a local subprocess, while sandbox providers only expose one-shot command
execution — so there was no way to hold the bidirectional stdio session
ACP requires.

**Proposed solution**

Add a process-session bridge in `adapter-utils`: a local ACPX-spawnable
proxy script connects to a token-authenticated loopback TCP server,
which relays JSON-framed stdin/stdout/stderr events to and from a small
relay script executed inside the sandbox via the provider's ordinary
runner. Claude/Codex/Gemini adapters now treat sandbox targets with a
runner as ACP-capable, resolve agent commands against the remote target,
and fall back to CLI only when the sandbox exposes no bidirectional
path. The sandbox callback bridge injects a run-scoped API endpoint and
bridge token so the agent inside the sandbox can reach Paperclip
(including work-product handoffs) without ever receiving the host run
JWT.

**Alternatives considered**

A provider-specific lane was prototyped first: Daytona minting SSH
access metadata at lease time, converted into an SSH execution target.
It was dropped because it only worked for providers able to advertise
SSH, added per-provider surface area, and left every other sandbox
provider on the CLI fallback. The merged design rides the one-shot
runner contract all providers already implement; a regression test pins
that sandbox targets stay on the bridge lane even when lease metadata
advertises SSH access.

**Roadmap alignment**

Directly advances the "Cloud / Sandbox agents" roadmap item — agents
running in remote and sandboxed environments keep the same control-plane
behavior as local ones. No overlap with other planned core work.

## What Changed

- `packages/adapter-utils/src/execution-target.ts`: new
`startAdapterExecutionTargetProcessSessionBridge()` plus helpers —
writes a token-authenticated local proxy script (spawnable by ACPX) and
a remote relay script synced into the sandbox, with a loopback TCP
server streaming JSON-framed stdio between them; events emitted before
the ACP client attaches are buffered so none are lost.
- `packages/adapter-utils/src/acpx-engine/execute.ts`: the ACP engine
can execute against remote sandbox targets through the bridge instead of
requiring a local subprocess, including remote cwd/env shaping.
- `packages/adapter-utils/src/sandbox-callback-bridge.ts`:
sandbox-scoped API bridging extended to allow work-product handoffs; the
sandbox payload env carries a bridge token, never the host run JWT.
- `packages/adapters/claude-local`, `codex-local`, `gemini-local`
(`src/server/acp.ts`): default-lane selection no longer rejects all
remote targets; command resolution is remote-aware
(`ensureAdapterExecutionTargetCommandResolvable`,
`resolveAdapterExecutionTargetCwd`); the fallback reason is now scoped
to sandboxes that expose only one-shot execution.
- `server/src/__tests__/environment-execution-target.test.ts`: pins that
sandbox targets resolve to the bridge lane, including when lease
metadata advertises SSH access.
- Non-sandbox remote targets (e.g. SSH) keep the CLI lane: the ACP
engine's remote transport is sandbox-only, so default-lane selection
falls back for those targets across all three adapters, and tests
covering CLI-specific remote behavior pin `engine: "cli"` explicitly.
- The bridge authenticates loopback connections before they can own the
session or receive buffered output (token required, idle unauthenticated
peers dropped), and remote event writes are serialized so the exit event
always lands after stdout/stderr have drained.
- Daytona plugin: formatting-only residue from the earlier iteration; no
functional change.

## Verification

- `vitest run` over the touched suites —
`packages/adapter-utils/src/acpx-engine/execute.test.ts`,
`packages/adapter-utils/src/execution-target-sandbox.test.ts`,
`packages/adapter-utils/src/sandbox-callback-bridge.test.ts`, the three
adapter `acp.test.ts` files, and
`server/src/__tests__/environment-execution-target.test.ts` — 102 tests
pass.
- End to end: with a Claude agent configured on a Daytona sandbox
environment, the primary-model test now selects the default ACP lane (no
fallback warning), and the full round trip (wake → sandbox execution →
API bridge → comment post) was exercised twice from inside a live
sandbox.

## Risks

- Behavioral shift: adapters that previously always fell back to CLI on
sandbox targets now default to ACP there; `engine=cli` still pins the
CLI lane explicitly.
- The bridge relays stdio as JSON lines over loopback TCP guarded by a
per-session random token; the remote relay runs inside the sandbox under
the provider's runner. Providers with slow one-shot execution will see
higher session startup latency — the CLI fallback remains for genuinely
incapable targets.
- No schema or migration changes.

## Model Used

- Claude Fable 5 (`claude-fable-5`, Anthropic) — extended thinking
enabled, agentic tool use via the Claude Agent SDK harness;
implementation iterated with local Vitest verification.

## Checklist

- [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context
to this change
- [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability
details)
- [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate
planned core work
- [x] I have searched GitHub for duplicate or related PRs and linked
them above
- [x] I have either (a) linked existing issues with `Fixes: #` / `Closes
#` / `Refs #` OR (b) described the issue in-PR following the relevant
issue template
- [x] I have not referenced internal/instance-local Paperclip issues or
links (only public GitHub `#NNN` / `github.com/paperclipai/paperclip`
URLs)
- [x] My branch name describes the change (e.g. `docs/...`, `fix/...`)
and contains no internal Paperclip ticket id or instance-derived details
- [x] I have run tests locally and they pass
- [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable
- [x] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes (no
shipped docs describe the old local-only ACP limitation)
- [x] I have considered and documented any risks above
- [x] All Paperclip CI gates are green
- [x] Greptile is 5/5 with no open P2s, recommendations, or follow-ups
- [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before
requesting merge

---------

Co-authored-by: Cody <noreply@paperclip.ing>
Co-authored-by: Cody <cody@paperclip.local>
2026-07-10 17:13:53 -07:00
…
…
…

Paperclip is the app people use to manage AI agents for work.

Quickstart · Docs · GitHub · Discord · Twitter · Website

MIT License Stars Discord



Paperclip is the app people use to manage AI agents for work.

Open-source orchestration for teams of AI agents.

If OpenClaw is an employee, Paperclip is the company.

Paperclip is a Node.js server and React UI that orchestrates a team of AI agents to run a business. Bring your own agents, assign goals, and track work and costs from one dashboard.

It looks like a task manager. Under the hood: org charts, budgets, governance, goal alignment, and agent coordination.

Manage business goals, not pull requests.

Step Example
01 Define the goal "Build the #1 AI note-taking app to $1M MRR."
02 Hire the team CEO, CTO, engineers, designers, marketers — any bot, any provider.
03 Approve and run Review strategy. Set budgets. Hit go. Monitor from the dashboard.

Works
with
OpenClaw
OpenClaw
Claude
Claude Code
Codex
Codex
Cursor
Cursor
Bash
Bash
HTTP
HTTP

If it can receive a heartbeat, it's hired.


Paperclip is right for you if

  • ✅ You want to build autonomous AI companies
  • ✅ You coordinate many different agents (OpenClaw, Codex, Claude, Cursor) toward a common goal
  • ✅ You have 20 simultaneous Claude Code terminals open and lose track of what everyone is doing
  • ✅ You want agents running autonomously 24/7, but still want to audit work and chime in when needed
  • ✅ You want to monitor costs and enforce budgets
  • ✅ You want a process for managing agents that feels like using a task manager
  • ✅ You want to manage your autonomous businesses from your phone

Features

🔌 Bring Your Own Agent

Any agent, any runtime, one org chart. If it can receive a heartbeat, it's hired.

🎯 Goal Alignment

Every task traces back to the company mission. Agents know what to do and why.

💓 Heartbeats

Agents wake on a schedule, check work, and act. Delegation flows up and down the org chart.

💰 Cost Control

Monthly budgets per agent. When they hit the limit, they stop. No runaway costs.

🏢 Multi-Company

One deployment, many companies. Complete data isolation. One control plane for your portfolio.

🎫 Ticket System

Every conversation traced. Every decision explained. Full tool-call tracing and immutable audit log.

🛡️ Governance

Approve hires, override strategy, pause or terminate any agent — at any time.

📊 Org Chart

Hierarchies, roles, reporting lines. Your agents have a boss, a title, and a job description.

📱 Mobile Ready

Monitor and manage your autonomous businesses from anywhere.

Problems Paperclip solves

Without Paperclip With Paperclip
❌ You have 20 Claude Code tabs open and can't track which one does what. On reboot you lose everything. ✅ Tasks are ticket-based, conversations are threaded, sessions persist across reboots.
❌ You manually gather context from several places to remind your bot what you're actually doing. ✅ Context flows from the task up through the project and company goals — your agent always knows what to do and why.
❌ Folders of agent configs are disorganized and you're re-inventing task management, communication, and coordination between agents. ✅ Paperclip gives you org charts, ticketing, delegation, and governance out of the box — so you run a company, not a pile of scripts.
❌ Runaway loops waste hundreds of dollars of tokens and max your quota before you even know what happened. ✅ Cost tracking surfaces token budgets and throttles agents when they're out. Management prioritizes with budgets.
❌ You have recurring jobs (customer support, social, reports) and have to remember to manually kick them off. ✅ Heartbeats handle regular work on a schedule. Management supervises.
❌ You have an idea, you have to find your repo, fire up Claude Code, keep a tab open, and babysit it. ✅ Add a task in Paperclip. Your coding agent works on it until it's done. Management reviews their work.

Why Paperclip is special

Paperclip handles the hard orchestration details correctly.

Atomic execution. Task checkout and budget enforcement are atomic, so no double-work and no runaway spend.
Persistent agent state. Agents resume the same task context across heartbeats instead of restarting from scratch.
Runtime skill injection. Agents can learn Paperclip workflows and project context at runtime, without retraining.
Governance with rollback. Approval gates are enforced, config changes are revisioned, and bad changes can be rolled back safely.
Goal-aware execution. Tasks carry full goal ancestry so agents consistently see the "why," not just a title.
Portable company templates. Export/import orgs, agents, and skills with secret scrubbing and collision handling.
True multi-company isolation. Every entity is company-scoped, so one deployment can run many companies with separate data and audit trails.

What's Under the Hood

Paperclip is a full control plane, not a wrapper. Before you build any of this yourself, know that it already exists:

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                       PAPERCLIP SERVER                       │
│                                                              │
│  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  │
│  │Identity & │  │  Work &   │  │ Heartbeat │  │Governance │  │
│  │  Access   │  │   Tasks   │  │ Execution │  │& Approvals│  │
│  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  │
│                                                              │
│  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  │
│  │ Org Chart │  │Workspaces │  │  Plugins  │  │  Budget   │  │
│  │ & Agents  │  │ & Runtime │  │           │  │ & Costs   │  │
│  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  │
│                                                              │
│  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌───────────┐  │
│  │ Routines  │  │ Secrets & │  │ Activity  │  │  Company  │  │
│  │& Schedules│  │  Storage  │  │ & Events  │  │Portability│  │
│  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
         ▲              ▲              ▲              ▲
   ┌─────┴─────┐  ┌─────┴─────┐  ┌─────┴─────┐  ┌─────┴─────┐
   │  Claude   │  │   Codex   │  │   CLI     │  │ HTTP/web  │
   │   Code    │  │           │  │  agents   │  │   bots    │
   └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘  └───────────┘

The Systems

Identity & Access — Two deployment modes (trusted local or authenticated), board users, agent API keys, short-lived run JWTs, company memberships, invite flows, and OpenClaw onboarding. Every mutating request is traced to an actor.

Org Chart & Agents — Agents have roles, titles, reporting lines, permissions, and budgets. Adapter examples match the diagram: Claude Code, Codex, CLI agents such as Cursor/Gemini/bash, HTTP/webhook bots such as OpenClaw, and external adapter plugins. If it can receive a heartbeat, it's hired.

Work & Task System — Issues carry company/project/goal/parent links, atomic checkout with execution locks, first-class blocker dependencies, comments, documents, attachments, work products, labels, and inbox state. No double-work, no lost context.

Heartbeat Execution — DB-backed wakeup queue with coalescing, budget checks, workspace resolution, secret injection, skill loading, and adapter invocation. Runs produce structured logs, cost events, session state, and audit trails. Recovery handles orphaned runs automatically.

Workspaces & Runtime — Project workspaces, isolated execution workspaces (git worktrees, operator branches), and runtime services (dev servers, preview URLs). Agents work in the right directory with the right context every time.

Governance & Approvals — Board approval workflows, execution policies with review/approval stages, decision tracking, budget hard-stops, agent pause/resume/terminate, and full audit logging. Nothing ships without your sign-off.

Budget & Cost Control — Token and cost tracking by company, agent, project, goal, issue, provider, and model. Scoped budget policies with warning thresholds and hard stops. Overspend pauses agents and cancels queued work automatically.

Routines & Schedules — Recurring tasks with cron, webhook, and API triggers. Concurrency and catch-up policies. Each routine execution creates a tracked issue and wakes the assigned agent — no manual kick-offs needed.

Plugins — Instance-wide plugin system with out-of-process workers, capability-gated host services, job scheduling, tool exposure, and UI contributions. Extend Paperclip without forking it.

Secrets & Storage — Instance and company secrets, encrypted local storage, provider-backed object storage, attachments, and work products. Sensitive values stay out of prompts unless a scoped run explicitly needs them.

Activity & Events — Mutating actions, heartbeat state changes, cost events, approvals, comments, and work products are recorded as durable activity so operators can audit what happened and why.

Company Portability — Export and import entire organizations — agents, skills, projects, routines, and issues — with secret scrubbing and collision handling. One deployment, many companies, complete data isolation.


What Paperclip is not

Not a chatbot. Agents have jobs, not chat windows.
Not an agent framework. We don't tell you how to build agents. We tell you how to run a company made of them.
Not a workflow builder. No drag-and-drop pipelines. Paperclip models companies — with org charts, goals, budgets, and governance.
Not a prompt manager. Agents bring their own prompts, models, and runtimes. Paperclip manages the organization they work in.
Not a single-agent tool. This is for teams. If you have one agent, you probably don't need Paperclip. If you have twenty — you definitely do.
Not a code review tool. Paperclip orchestrates work, not pull requests. Bring your own review process.

Quickstart

Open source. Self-hosted. No Paperclip account required.

npx paperclipai onboard --yes

Troubleshooting: private npm registry .npmrc

If this fails with an E404 for paperclipai (or similar) and you use a private npm registry (for example GitHub Packages) via a global ~/.npmrc, npx may be resolving paperclipai against that private registry instead of the public npm registry.

Diagnostic:

npm config get registry

Workaround (cross-platform; force the public npm registry for this command):

npx --registry https://registry.npmjs.org paperclipai onboard --yes

That quickstart path now defaults to trusted local loopback mode for the fastest first run. To start in authenticated/private mode instead, choose a bind preset explicitly:

npx paperclipai onboard --yes --bind lan
# or:
npx paperclipai onboard --yes --bind tailnet

If you already have Paperclip configured, rerunning onboard keeps the existing config in place. Use paperclipai configure to edit settings.

Or manually:

git clone https://github.com/paperclipai/paperclip.git
cd paperclip
pnpm install
pnpm dev

This starts the API server at http://localhost:3100. An embedded PostgreSQL database is created automatically — no setup required.

Requirements: Node.js 20+, pnpm 9.15+


FAQ

What does a typical setup look like? Locally, a single Node.js process manages an embedded Postgres and local file storage. For production, point it at your own Postgres and deploy however you like. Configure projects, agents, and goals — the agents take care of the rest.

If you're a solo entrepreneur you can use Tailscale to access Paperclip on the go. Then later you can deploy to e.g. Vercel when you need it.

Can I run multiple companies? Yes. A single deployment can run an unlimited number of companies with complete data isolation.

How is Paperclip different from agents like OpenClaw or Claude Code? Paperclip uses those agents. It orchestrates them into a company — with org charts, budgets, goals, governance, and accountability.

Why should I use Paperclip instead of just pointing my OpenClaw to Asana or Trello? Agent orchestration has subtleties in how you coordinate who has work checked out, how to maintain sessions, monitoring costs, establishing governance - Paperclip does this for you.

(Bring-your-own-ticket-system is on the Roadmap)

Do agents run continuously? By default, agents run on scheduled heartbeats and event-based triggers (task assignment, @-mentions). You can also hook in continuous agents like OpenClaw. You bring your agent and Paperclip coordinates.


Development

pnpm dev              # Full dev (API + UI, watch mode)
pnpm dev:once         # Full dev without file watching
pnpm dev:server       # Server only
pnpm build            # Build all
pnpm typecheck        # Type checking
pnpm test             # Cheap default test run (Vitest only)
pnpm test:watch       # Vitest watch mode
pnpm test:e2e         # Playwright browser suite
pnpm db:generate      # Generate DB migration
pnpm db:migrate       # Apply migrations

pnpm test does not run Playwright. Browser suites stay separate and are typically run only when working on those flows or in CI.

See doc/DEVELOPING.md for the full development guide.


Roadmap

  • ✅ Plugin system (e.g. add a knowledge base, custom tracing, queues, etc)
  • ✅ Get OpenClaw / claw-style agent employees
  • ✅ companies.sh - import and export entire organizations
  • ✅ Easy AGENTS.md configurations
  • ✅ Skills Manager
  • ✅ Scheduled Routines
  • ✅ Better Budgeting
  • ✅ Agent Reviews and Approvals
  • ✅ Multiple Human Users
  • ⚪ Cloud / Sandbox agents (e.g. Cursor / e2b / Novita agents)
  • ⚪ Artifacts & Work Products
  • ⚪ Memory / Knowledge
  • ⚪ Enforced Outcomes
  • ⚪ MAXIMIZER MODE
  • ⚪ Deep Planning
  • ⚪ Work Queues
  • ⚪ Self-Organization
  • ⚪ Automatic Organizational Learning
  • ⚪ CEO Chat
  • ⚪ Cloud deployments
  • ⚪ Desktop App

This is the short roadmap preview. See the full roadmap in ROADMAP.md.


Community & Plugins

Find Plugins and more at awesome-paperclip

Observability

Paperclip ships with opt-in OpenTelemetry auto-instrumentation for the server (traces only). It activates when OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT is set and supports grpc, http/protobuf, and http/json via the standard OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL env var. The @opentelemetry/* packages are optional peer dependencies — install them only if you want tracing. See doc/observability.md for install commands and the full env-var reference.

Telemetry

Paperclip collects anonymous usage telemetry to help us understand how the product is used and improve it. No personal information, issue content, prompts, file paths, or secrets are ever collected. Private repository references are hashed with a per-install salt before being sent.

Contributors changing emitted telemetry events should follow the Telemetry Data Contract.

Telemetry is enabled by default and can be disabled with any of the following:

Method How
Environment variable PAPERCLIP_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1
Standard convention DO_NOT_TRACK=1
CI environments Automatically disabled when CI=true
Config file Set telemetry.enabled: false in your Paperclip config

Contributing

We welcome contributions. See the contributing guide for details.


Community


License

MIT © 2026 Paperclip Labs, Inc

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