PaperClipAI/docs/adapters/external-adapters.md

title, summary

title	summary
External Adapters	Build, package, and distribute adapters as plugins without modifying Paperclip source

Paperclip supports external adapter plugins that can be installed from npm packages or local directories. External adapters work exactly like built-in adapters — they execute agents, parse output, and render transcripts — but they live in their own package and don't require changes to Paperclip's source code.

Built-in vs External

	Built-in	External
Source location	Inside paperclip-fork/packages/adapters/	Separate npm package or local directory
Registration	Hardcoded in three registries	Loaded at startup via plugin system
UI parser	Static import at build time	Dynamically loaded from API (see UI Parser)
Distribution	Ships with Paperclip	Published to npm or linked via file:
Updates	Requires Paperclip release	Independent versioning

Built-in Hermes compatibility note

Hermes is built in with two stable adapter type keys:

• hermes_local starts the local Hermes CLI from @paperclipai/hermes-paperclip-adapter.
• hermes_gateway calls an already-running Hermes API server through @paperclipai/hermes-paperclip-adapter/gateway.

The legacy @paperclipai/adapter-hermes-gateway package is a deprecated compatibility shim for one release. It preserves the old gateway exports while forwarding to the unified Hermes package. New external override packages should depend on or link @paperclipai/hermes-paperclip-adapter and declare the type they override (hermes_local or hermes_gateway); the type keys did not change.

Quick Start

Minimal Package Structure

my-adapter/
  package.json
  tsconfig.json
  src/
    index.ts            # Shared metadata (type, label, models)
    server/
      index.ts          # createServerAdapter() factory
      execute.ts        # Core execution logic
      parse.ts          # Output parsing
      test.ts           # Environment diagnostics
    ui-parser.ts        # Self-contained UI transcript parser

package.json

{
  "name": "my-paperclip-adapter",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT",
  "paperclip": {
    "adapterUiParser": "1.0.0"
  },
  "exports": {
    ".": "./dist/index.js",
    "./server": "./dist/server/index.js",
    "./ui-parser": "./dist/ui-parser.js"
  },
  "files": ["dist"],
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsc"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@paperclipai/adapter-utils": "^2026.325.0",
    "picocolors": "^1.1.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/node": "^24.0.0",
    "typescript": "^5.7.0"
  }
}

Key fields:

Field	Purpose
exports["."]	Entry point — must export createServerAdapter
exports["./ui-parser"]	Self-contained UI parser module (optional but recommended)
paperclip.adapterUiParser	Contract version for the UI parser ("1.0.0")
files	Limits what gets published — only dist/

tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2022",
    "module": "Node16",
    "moduleResolution": "Node16",
    "outDir": "dist",
    "rootDir": "src",
    "declaration": true,
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true
  },
  "include": ["src"]
}

Server Module

The plugin loader calls createServerAdapter() from your package root. This function must return a ServerAdapterModule.

src/index.ts

export const type = "my_adapter";     // snake_case, globally unique
export const label = "My Agent";

export const models = [
  { id: "model-a", label: "Model A" },
];

export const agentConfigurationDoc = `# my_adapter configuration
Use when: ...
Don't use when: ...
`;

// Required by plugin-loader convention
export { createServerAdapter } from "./server/index.js";

src/server/index.ts

import type { ServerAdapterModule } from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils";
import { type, models, agentConfigurationDoc } from "../index.js";
import { execute } from "./execute.js";
import { testEnvironment } from "./test.js";

export function createServerAdapter(): ServerAdapterModule {
  return {
    type,
    execute,
    testEnvironment,
    models,
    agentConfigurationDoc,
  };
}

src/server/execute.ts

The core execution function. Receives an AdapterExecutionContext and returns an AdapterExecutionResult.

import type {
  AdapterExecutionContext,
  AdapterExecutionResult,
} from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils";

import {
  runChildProcess,
  buildPaperclipEnv,
  renderTemplate,
} from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils/server-utils";

export async function execute(
  ctx: AdapterExecutionContext,
): Promise<AdapterExecutionResult> {
  const { config, agent, runtime, context, onLog, onMeta } = ctx;

  // 1. Read config with safe helpers
  const cwd = String(config.cwd ?? "/tmp");
  const command = String(config.command ?? "my-agent");
  const timeoutSec = Number(config.timeoutSec ?? 300);

  // 2. Build environment with Paperclip vars injected
  const env = buildPaperclipEnv(agent);

  // 3. Render prompt template
  const prompt = config.promptTemplate
    ? renderTemplate(String(config.promptTemplate), {
        agentId: agent.id,
        agentName: agent.name,
        companyId: agent.companyId,
        runId: ctx.runId,
        taskId: context.taskId ?? "",
        taskTitle: context.taskTitle ?? "",
      })
    : "Continue your work.";

  // 4. Spawn process
  const result = await runChildProcess(command, {
    args: [prompt],
    cwd,
    env,
    timeout: timeoutSec * 1000,
    graceMs: 10_000,
    onStdout: (chunk) => onLog("stdout", chunk),
    onStderr: (chunk) => onLog("stderr", chunk),
  });

  // 5. Return structured result
  return {
    exitCode: result.exitCode,
    timedOut: result.timedOut,
    // Include session state for persistence
    sessionParams: { /* ... */ },
  };
}

Available Helpers from @paperclipai/adapter-utils

Helper	Purpose
runChildProcess(command, opts)	Spawn a child process with timeout, grace period, and streaming callbacks
buildPaperclipEnv(agent)	Inject PAPERCLIP_* environment variables
renderTemplate(template, data)	{{variable}} substitution in prompt templates
asString(v), asNumber(v), asBoolean(v)	Safe config value extraction

src/server/test.ts

Validates the adapter configuration before running. Returns structured diagnostics.

import type {
  AdapterEnvironmentTestContext,
  AdapterEnvironmentTestResult,
} from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils";

export async function testEnvironment(
  ctx: AdapterEnvironmentTestContext,
): Promise<AdapterEnvironmentTestResult> {
  const checks = [];

  // Example: check CLI is installed
  checks.push({
    level: "info",
    message: "My Agent CLI v1.2.0 detected",
    code: "cli_detected",
  });

  // Example: check working directory
  const cwd = String(ctx.config.cwd ?? "");
  if (!cwd.startsWith("/")) {
    checks.push({
      level: "error",
      message: `Working directory must be absolute: "${cwd}"`,
      hint: "Use /home/user/project or /workspace",
      code: "invalid_cwd",
    });
  }

  return {
    adapterType: ctx.adapterType,
    status: checks.some(c => c.level === "error") ? "fail" : "pass",
    checks,
    testedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
  };
}

Check levels:

Level	Meaning	Effect
info	Informational	Shown in test results
warn	Non-blocking issue	Shown with yellow indicator
error	Blocks execution	Prevents agent from running

Installation

From npm

# Via the Paperclip UI
# Settings → Adapters → Install from npm → "my-paperclip-adapter"

# Or via API
curl -X POST http://localhost:3102/api/adapters \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"packageName": "my-paperclip-adapter"}'

From local directory

curl -X POST http://localhost:3102/api/adapters \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"localPath": "/home/user/my-adapter"}'

Local adapters are symlinked into Paperclip's adapter directory. Changes to the source are picked up on server restart.

Via adapter-plugins.json

For development, you can also edit ~/.paperclip/adapter-plugins.json directly:

[
  {
    "packageName": "my-paperclip-adapter",
    "localPath": "/home/user/my-adapter",
    "type": "my_adapter",
    "installedAt": "2026-03-30T12:00:00.000Z"
  }
]

Optional: Session Persistence

If your agent runtime supports sessions (conversation continuity across heartbeats), implement a session codec:

import type { AdapterSessionCodec } from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils";

export const sessionCodec: AdapterSessionCodec = {
  deserialize(raw) {
    if (typeof raw !== "object" || raw === null) return null;
    const r = raw as Record<string, unknown>;
    return r.sessionId ? { sessionId: String(r.sessionId) } : null;
  },
  serialize(params) {
    return params?.sessionId ? { sessionId: String(params.sessionId) } : null;
  },
  getDisplayId(params) {
    return params?.sessionId ? String(params.sessionId) : null;
  },
};

Include it in createServerAdapter():

return { type, execute, testEnvironment, sessionCodec, /* ... */ };

Optional: Skills Sync

If your agent runtime supports skills/plugins, implement listSkills and syncSkills:

return {
  type,
  execute,
  testEnvironment,
  async listSkills(ctx) {
    return {
      adapterType: ctx.adapterType,
      supported: true,
      mode: "ephemeral",
      desiredSkills: [],
      entries: [],
      warnings: [],
    };
  },
  async syncSkills(ctx, desiredSkills) {
    // Install desired skills into the runtime
    return { /* same shape as listSkills */ };
  },
};

Optional: Model Detection

If your runtime has a local config file that specifies the default model:

async function detectModel() {
  // Read ~/.my-agent/config.yaml or similar
  return {
    model: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
    provider: "anthropic",
    source: "~/.my-agent/config.yaml",
    candidates: ["anthropic/claude-sonnet-4", "openai/gpt-4o"],
  };
}

return { type, execute, testEnvironment, detectModel: () => detectModel() };

Publishing

npm run build
npm publish

Other Paperclip users can then install your adapter by package name from the UI or API.

Security

• Treat agent output as untrusted — parse defensively, never eval() agent output
• Inject secrets via environment variables, not in prompts
• Configure network access controls if the runtime supports them
• Always enforce timeout and grace period — don't let agents run forever
• The UI parser module runs in a browser sandbox — it must have zero runtime imports and no side effects

Next Steps

• UI Parser Contract — add a custom run-log parser so the UI renders your adapter's output correctly
• Creating an Adapter — full walkthrough of adapter internals
• How Agents Work — understand the heartbeat lifecycle your adapter serves