fix(evals): collect usage when GitHub skips jobs without a runner (#17352)

## Thinking Path

> - Paperclip manages AI agents and their operating budgets.
> - Product E2E runs retain accounting for each campaign.
> - The usage collector reads completed GitHub jobs without rerunning
paid work.
> - GitHub returns a null runner ID for jobs that it skips before
assigning a runner.
> - The collector rejected those jobs and could not retain the completed
campaign inventory.
> - This change accepts that skipped-job representation while preserving
started-job checks.

## Linked Issues or Issue Description

Refs #17009.

**What happened?**

The usage collector rejected completed qualification run 39971835384.
GitHub returned skipped jobs with null runner IDs. The collector
accepted only zero for jobs without a runner.

**Expected behavior**

Retain completed run usage when skipped jobs have a null or zero runner
ID. Do not count VM time for those jobs. Continue to reject missing
runner identity for started jobs.

**Steps to reproduce**

Read the completed first-attempt Product E2E run with
operating-receipts.ts github. Before this fix, a skipped job with
runner_id set to null throws Invalid workflow job identity.

**Paperclip version or commit**

ed3f067dbd.

## What Changed

- Accept a null or zero runner ID only for completed skipped jobs.
- Keep run, attempt, labels and started-job identity validation.
- Test both skipped-job forms and reject absent runner IDs.
- Document the treatment of skipped jobs.

## Verification

- Reproduced the observed null-runner failure: 1 failed, 4 passed.
- Usage collector and operating receipt tests: 17 passed.
- Eval TypeScript check passed.
- Read the same completed hosted run successfully without dispatching or
retrying tests. The inventory retained 1,303 job seconds and 290,156,153
artifact bytes.
- Full hosted CI passed at fb57826c22,
including typecheck, tests, build and browser shards.
- Greptile and Paperclip reviews rated the exact commit 5/5 with no
actionable findings.

## Risks

- The exception applies only when GitHub reports a completed skipped job
and an explicit null or zero runner ID.
- Current usage remains an inventory. This change does not convert it to
a bill, release cost holds, or enable recurrence.

## Model Used

- OpenAI GPT-6 in Codex, with reasoning, repository inspection, code
execution and test tools. The exact backend model identifier and
context-window size are not exposed in this session.

## Checklist

- [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context
to this change
- [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability
details)
- [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate
planned core work
- [x] I have searched GitHub for duplicate or related PRs and linked
them above
- [x] I have either (a) linked existing issues with `Fixes: #` / `Closes
#` / `Refs #` OR (b) described the issue in-PR following the relevant
issue template
- [x] I have not referenced internal/instance-local Paperclip issues or
links (only public GitHub `#NNN` / `github.com/paperclipai/paperclip`
URLs)
- [x] My branch name describes the change (e.g. `docs/...`, `fix/...`)
and contains no internal Paperclip ticket id or instance-derived details
- [x] I have run tests locally and they pass
- [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable
- [x] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes
- [x] I have considered and documented any risks above
- [x] All Paperclip CI gates are green
- [x] Greptile is 5/5 with no open P2s, recommendations, or follow-ups
- [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before
requesting merge

Co-authored-by: Paperclip <noreply@paperclip.ing>

tests/runner-e2e/OPERATIONS.md

@@ -435,7 +435,9 @@ The collector uses the existing `gh` authentication and only reads
 revision and repository, reads every returned job/artifact page up to 1,000
 records per inventory, and rejects changed or incomplete inventories. It retains
 job identities, summed job seconds, run-start delay, artifact sizes and expiration
-dates. It omits arbitrary job names, artifact names and upstream responses.
+dates. Skipped jobs with a null or zero runner ID count as not started and use
+zero VM time. Started jobs still require a numeric runner identity. It omits
+arbitrary job names, artifact names and upstream responses.
 Existing output files cannot be replaced. This is a current inventory, not an
 invoice: deleted artifacts are absent, compressed bytes are not billed
 byte-hours, job duration is not VM lifetime, and present repository visibility

tests/runner-e2e/github-operating-usage.test.ts

@@ -49,15 +49,17 @@ it("paginates all jobs and preserves nonstandard compute as unpriced", async ()
 it("rejects changing, truncated, duplicated, misattributed, rerun and uncompleted evidence", async () => {
   for (const override of [{ run: { run_attempt: 2 } }, { run: { status: "in_progress" } }, { run: { path: "other.yml" } },
     { finalRun: { head_sha: "b".repeat(40) } }, { jobPage: { total_count: 2 } }, { jobs: [job(), job()] },
-    { jobs: [{ ...job(), run_id: 999 }] }, { jobs: [{ ...job(), completed_at: null }] }, { jobPage: { total_count: 1001 } },
+    { jobs: [{ ...job(), run_id: 999 }] }, { jobs: [{ ...job(), runner_id: null }] },
+    { jobs: [{ ...job(), runner_id: undefined }] }, { jobs: [{ ...job(), conclusion: "skipped", runner_id: undefined }] },
+    { jobs: [{ ...job(), completed_at: null }] }, { jobPage: { total_count: 1001 } },
     { artifactPage: { artifacts: [{ ...artifact, workflow_run: { id: 999, head_sha: sha } }] } },
     { artifactPage: { artifacts: [{ ...artifact, size_in_bytes: -1 }] } }]) {
     await expect(readGitHubOperatingUsage("123", api(override).read, now)).rejects.toThrow();
   }
 });
 
-it("accounts skipped jobs without requiring a fictitious VM and keeps expired artifact identity", async () => {
-  const source = api({ jobs: [{ ...job(), conclusion: "skipped", runner_id: 0, started_at: null, completed_at: null }],
+it.each([0, null])("accounts skipped jobs with runner ID %s without requiring a fictitious VM", async (runnerId) => {
+  const source = api({ jobs: [{ ...job(), conclusion: "skipped", runner_id: runnerId, started_at: null, completed_at: null }],
     artifactPage: { artifacts: [{ ...artifact, expired: true }] } });
   expect(await readGitHubOperatingUsage("123", source.read, now)).toMatchObject({ summedJobSeconds: 0,
     jobs: [{ runner: "not_started" }], artifacts: { retainedBytes: 0, inventory: [{ id: 9, expired: true }] } });

tests/runner-e2e/github-operating-usage.ts

@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ export async function readGitHubOperatingUsage(runId: string, read: ReadGitHub,
   const rawJobs = await inventory(read, `${prefix}/actions/runs/${runId}/attempts/1/jobs`, "jobs");
   if (!rawJobs.length) throw new Error("Missing workflow jobs");
   const jobs = rawJobs.map(job => {
-    if (job.run_id !== run.id || job.run_attempt !== 1 || job.status !== "completed" || !integer(job.runner_id)
+    const skipped = job.conclusion === "skipped" && (job.runner_id === 0 || job.runner_id === null);
+    if (job.run_id !== run.id || job.run_attempt !== 1 || job.status !== "completed" || !skipped && !integer(job.runner_id)
         || !Array.isArray(job.labels) || job.labels.some((label: unknown) => typeof label !== "string")) throw new Error("Invalid workflow job identity");
-    const skipped = job.conclusion === "skipped" && job.runner_id === 0;
     if (!skipped && (!timestamp(job.started_at) || !timestamp(job.completed_at)
         || Date.parse(job.started_at) < Date.parse(run.created_at) || Date.parse(job.completed_at) > now
         || Date.parse(job.completed_at) < Date.parse(job.started_at))) throw new Error("Incomplete workflow job timing");