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## Thinking Path > - Paperclip is the open source app people use to manage AI agents for work > - The runner E2E suite restarts the Paperclip server to prove that agent work recovers after a controller restart > - The restart supervisor in `tests/runner-e2e` owns the server process tree and escalates to SIGKILL when graceful stop takes too long > - On macOS, `kill(-pgid)` returns EPERM, not ESRCH, when every member of the group has exited but is not reaped yet > - The supervisor treated that EPERM as fatal, so a server that exited at the same moment as the SIGKILL escalation aborted the restart with "Owned tree cleanup incomplete: Error: kill EPERM" > - This pull request makes the supervisor re-inspect the process table on EPERM and skip the group only when no running member remains > - The benefit is that restart recovery cases no longer fail on a harmless exit race on macOS, while a real permission failure still fails cleanup ## Linked Issues or Issue Description No public issue exists. This describes the bug. **What happened?** The runner E2E cell `everyday-workflows.runner-codex.local.recover-controller` failed on macOS with failure class `cleanup_failure`: "Stopped waiting for isolated server restart ...: Owned tree cleanup incomplete: Error: kill EPERM". The server log shows that the graceful stop took 30 seconds, the supervisor sent SIGKILL, and the server exited with code 0 in the same instant. The restart did not start, so the case never checked recovery. **Steps to reproduce** 1. On macOS, fork a child that calls `setpgid(0, 0)` and exits. Do not reap it. 2. Call `killpg(child, SIGKILL)`. The kernel returns EPERM (errno 1), not ESRCH. After the reap, it returns ESRCH. 3. In the runner E2E supervisor, any group that becomes zombie-only between the `ps` inspection and the signal causes the same EPERM, which the code rethrows. **Expected behavior** A group whose members have all exited counts as stopped, the same as ESRCH. EPERM stays fatal while a running member remains. **Environment** macOS 26.5 (Darwin 25.5.0), arm64, Node 26.4. The behavior is the same with and without the Claude Code sandbox. ## What Changed - `tests/runner-e2e/process-tree-owner.ts`: on EPERM from a group signal, read a fresh process table. Skip the group (as with ESRCH) only when it has no running (non-zombie) member. Otherwise rethrow. `signalSnapshot` is now async. - `tests/runner-e2e/process-tree-owner.test.ts`: two regressions. One covers a group that becomes zombie-only when signaled. One proves that EPERM stays fatal while a running member remains. - `tests/runner-e2e/README.md`: document the EPERM rule next to the existing zombie rule. ## Verification - Red before the fix: `node node_modules/vitest/vitest.mjs run --config tests/runner-e2e/vitest.config.ts tests/runner-e2e/process-tree-owner.test.ts` failed with `promise rejected "Error: kill EPERM"`. - Green after the fix: `process-tree-owner.test.ts`, `server-stop.test.ts`, and `process-tree.test.ts` pass (35 tests). `pnpm test:e2e:runner:typecheck` passes. - Kernel behavior: a Python fork probe on this Mac shows that `killpg` on an unreaped zombie group returns EPERM, both inside and outside the sandbox. - Live cell: `pnpm test:e2e:runner -- --max-automatic-retries 0 --id everyday-workflows.runner-codex.local.recover-controller` on macOS. The fixed revision passed. The server stop escalated to SIGKILL, the replacement server started, and the run recovered. See the comment below for the second rerun. ## Risks - Low risk. The change is in the test harness only. - EPERM is ignored only after a fresh inspection shows that no running process holds that group ID. A process group ID cannot be reused while zombie members still hold it, so the supervisor does not signal or skip an unrelated group. - The extra `ps` read runs only on EPERM. ## Model Used - Claude Opus 5.5 (`claude-opus-5-5`), Anthropic, via Claude Code with tool use (shell, file edits). Default context window. ## Checklist - [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context to this change - [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability details) - [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate planned core work - [x] I have searched GitHub for duplicate or related PRs and linked them above - [x] I have either (a) linked existing issues with `Fixes: #` / `Closes #` / `Refs #` OR (b) described the issue in-PR following the relevant issue template - [x] I have not referenced internal/instance-local Paperclip issues or links (only public GitHub `#NNN` / `github.com/paperclipai/paperclip` URLs) - [x] My branch name describes the change (e.g. `docs/...`, `fix/...`) and contains no internal Paperclip ticket id or instance-derived details - [x] I have run tests locally and they pass - [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable - [x] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes - [x] I have considered and documented any risks above - [x] All Paperclip CI gates are green - [x] Greptile is 5/5 with no open P2s, recommendations, or follow-ups - [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before requesting merge 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>