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PaperClipAI/server/src/services/heartbeat
DottaandClaude Opus 5.5 cc072e7c4e feat(recovery): settle orphaned active environment leases on the shared ownership path (#19964)
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## Thinking Path

> - Paperclip is the open source app people use to manage AI agents for
work
> - Agent runs hold environment leases (local workspaces and remote
sandboxes) while they execute
> - A crash between the terminal run write and the lease release leaves
the lease `active` with no holder
> - A sweep released such a lease when the run was terminal and the
lease was idle for five minutes. The age was the only guard against a
race with the live executor, which releases the lease itself with the
run's resource disposition
> - Phase 2 of the durable ownership plan moves each in-progress record
kind onto one shared owner proof (#19933 added the settle hook)
> - This pull request moves `environment_run_lease_active` onto that
path: the lease names its holder, the shared prover judges the holder,
and the settle never destroys a sandbox
> - The benefit is that a dead holder's lease settles on the next pass,
a live holder is never raced, and the five-minute age gate is gone

## Linked Issues or Issue Description

Refs #19933

**What happened?**
An orphaned active environment lease was released by age: "run terminal
plus five minutes" (the reaper in `heartbeat/recovery.ts` and the
live-recovery `orphanLease` worker). The ownership data showed one such
lease settle 119 s after it was ready. Without the age gate the sweep
could flip a lease to `pending_cleanup` (destroy) while the executor or
a recovery path was about to retain it.

**Expected behavior**
A run lease settles when its holder is proven gone, by identity and not
by age. A live holder is never raced. A settle never destroys a sandbox
whose files may still be needed.

**Steps to reproduce**
1. Start a run that holds an environment lease.
2. Kill the server after the run status becomes terminal and before the
lease release.
3. Restart. The lease stays `active` until the five-minute age passes,
then the sweep destroys the sandbox.

## What Changed

- `environments.ts`: the write that makes a lease active (insert and
same-run reacquire) stamps the holder process in
`metadata.leaseController`. The stamp does no I/O
(`environment-lease-controller.ts`).
- `recovery/ownership-registry.ts`: `environment_run_lease_active` lists
leases with their run status. The owner is the run while it is active,
then the stamped holder. It registers `settle` and `listForRuns`.
- `environment-run-lease-settlement.ts` (new): compare-and-swap settle
on the exact row (same run, status `active`, same metadata, terminal
run). A sandbox lease gets the stop-and-retain intent (stop and keep,
never destroy). Other leases move to `pending_cleanup` as before. It
keeps a lease that a pending native export, a legacy shutdown fence, a
shared provider resource, or an accepted native result still needs.
- `recovery/ownership-invariant-report.ts`: `settleOwnableKind` accepts
`currentProcessIdle`. A caller that passes every run this process
executes in `skipRunIds` may treat a current-process owner of another
run as gone (`current_process_idle`). The periodic pass never does this.
- `heartbeat/recovery.ts`: `sweepOrphanedActiveLeases` no longer
releases run leases by age. It runs native workspace preservation first
(a separate obligation), then calls `settleOwnableKind` with this
process's executions. Login and probe leases (no run) keep the idle
sweep until their own change.
- `heartbeat/live-recovery-work.ts`: a run lease is due now; only
run-less leases keep the five-minute idle deadline.
- `sandbox-stop-and-retain.ts`: an ownership settle records a recovery
marker on the intent and keeps `updatedAt`, so the pending-cleanup sweep
stops the sandbox in the same tick.
- Deleted: the age gate for run leases and the page-order bump for run
leases.

## Verification

- `cd server && npx vitest run
src/__tests__/environment-run-lease-ownership.test.ts
src/__tests__/heartbeat-orphaned-active-lease-sweep.test.ts
src/__tests__/ownership-reconciliation-report.test.ts` (embedded
Postgres).
- Red on unchanged master sources, green on this branch (tests were
written after the code):
  - stamps the lease holder in the write that makes a lease active
- settles a lease whose holder died after the run went terminal, on the
next pass (crash-point state: terminal run, dead holder in this PID
space)
  - stops and keeps a dead holder's sandbox instead of destroying it
- leaves a current-process lease to this process: settled only when it
is not executing the run
  - keeps the run fact alone for one release on a single-host server
- names no owner on an ephemeral server
(`PAPERCLIP_EPHEMERAL_SERVER=true`)
- the three updated sweep tests (sandbox stopped and kept, not
destroyed)
- Live-owner counter-cases (green): run still active; another live PID;
another PID space; current process while executing; read-only pass
(`record: false`) never settles; a lease re-stamped after the proof is
not settled; a legacy lease whose run this boot owns is kept.
- Also run green: `recovery.test.ts`,
`heartbeat-observed-workspace-preservation.test.ts`,
`workspace-recovery-warm-handoff.test.ts`,
`environment-service.test.ts`,
`heartbeat-pending-cleanup-sweep.test.ts`,
`native-environment-settlement-work.test.ts`,
`environment-cleanup-work.test.ts`.
- Full typecheck is left to CI (local memory limit).

## Risks

- Behavior change: an orphaned sandbox lease is now stopped and kept,
not destroyed. Workspace preservation and provider auto-delete decide
when it goes away. This can keep stopped sandboxes longer than before.
- A recovery path on another process can mark a run terminal while the
dead executor's stamp is still on the lease. The settle can then win
before that path releases. Because the settle only stops and keeps the
sandbox, files are not lost; the later release continues from the
stop-only intent.
- Previous-release rows: a single-host server keeps the run fact for one
release (a run this boot owns is excluded). An ephemeral server never
releases an unstamped lease; it stays visible as an I1 gap with no
operator action yet.
- No migration. The stamp lives in existing lease metadata.

> For core feature work, check [`ROADMAP.md`](ROADMAP.md) first and
discuss it in `#dev` before opening the PR. Feature PRs that overlap
with planned core work may need to be redirected — check the roadmap
first. See `CONTRIBUTING.md`.

## Model Used

- Claude Opus 5.5 (`claude-opus-5-5`), Anthropic, via Claude Code with
tool use (shell, file edit, embedded Postgres tests).

## Checklist

- [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context
to this change
- [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability
details)
- [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate
planned core work
- [x] I have searched GitHub for duplicate or related PRs and linked
them above
- [x] I have either (a) linked existing issues with `Fixes: #` / `Closes
#` / `Refs #` OR (b) described the issue in-PR following the relevant
issue template
- [x] I have not referenced internal/instance-local Paperclip issues or
links (only public GitHub `#NNN` / `github.com/paperclipai/paperclip`
URLs)
- [x] My branch name describes the change (e.g. `docs/...`, `fix/...`)
and contains no internal Paperclip ticket id or instance-derived details
- [x] I have run tests locally and they pass
- [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable
- [x] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes
- [x] I have considered and documented any risks above
- [ ] All Paperclip CI gates are green
- [ ] Greptile is 5/5 with no open P2s, recommendations, or follow-ups
- [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before
requesting merge

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-11-07 22:43:57 -06:00
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