Files
PaperClipAI/packages
DottaandClaude Fable 5.2 76da2fec4f perf(runner): deliver transport events when they arrive instead of polling every 5 ms (#20862)
## Thinking Path

> - Paperclip is the open source app people use to manage AI agents for
work.
> - The server runs each native agent session through a runner
transport. The transport reads the events that the runner commits to the
session's control plane and delivers them to the driver.
> - The transport found those events with a timer. Every live transport
ran a pass every 5 ms, for as long as the session was open, whether or
not an event had arrived.
> - A CPU profile of the staging server shows the cost. The main thread
was at 96% of one core, and this pass used 5.6% of it with about a dozen
live sessions. The cost grows with the number of sessions and never
stops.
> - The same timer also delayed every event. An event waited up to 5 ms
for the next pass before the driver saw it. Agent boot time and time to
first token are measured requirements.
> - This pull request makes the control plane tell the transport when a
reader can see a change, and the transport delivers in the next task.
The fixed timer is gone.
> - The benefit is that an open session with nothing to deliver costs
nothing on the main thread, and an event reaches the driver sooner than
before.

## Linked Issues or Issue Description

No public issue exists. The problem is described here.

**What happened?**

The server's main thread on a hosted instance stayed at 96% of one core,
so every request and every agent turn waited behind it. A 30 second CPU
profile of the live server (Node 24, about a dozen live native agent
sessions) attributes 5.6% of the main thread to `#pumpEventsSafely` and
4.7% self time to `#pumpEvents` in
`packages/paperclip-runner/src/live/runnerd-codex-transport.ts`. Three
places started `setInterval(() => this.#pumpEventsSafely(), 5)`. Each
pass scans the session's committed-event window, so the cost is
`sessions x 200 passes per second x window size`, with nothing to
deliver.

**Expected behavior**

An open session that has no event to deliver does no periodic work. An
event that arrives is delivered at once, not at the next timer tick.

**Steps to reproduce**

1. `cd packages/paperclip-runner`
2. `PAPERCLIP_TRANSPORT_PUMP_BENCHMARK=1 pnpm exec vitest run
src/live/runnerd-transport-pump.benchmark.test.ts`
3. Read the `TRANSPORT_PUMP_BENCHMARK` lines.
`stateReadsPerSessionPerSecond` counts how often an open, idle transport
reads the control plane. `deliveryWaitMs` is the time from the moment a
reader can see a committed event to the moment the transport delivers
it.

**Paperclip version or commit**

Present on master at `c8ae02e5ce`. The profile is from `556b249897`.

**Deployment mode**

Hosted server with native agent sessions. The same code runs in local
development.

## What Changed

- `DurablePrpControlPlane` has a new `onReadableStateChange(listener)`.
It fires when the state that a reader of `store` can see may have
changed. The control plane calls it after every stored-state replacement
or save, after a saved checkpoint releases events that were waiting for
it, and after an authenticated runner moves the recovered cursor.
- The transport subscribes when it creates its control plane. A change
wakes one delivery pass in the next task (`setImmediate`). The pass
never runs inside the control plane's own commit, and several changes in
one task share one pass. This keeps the existing order: the control
plane finishes its commit before a reader reacts.
- The three `setInterval(..., 5)` timers are gone. `#startPump` and
`#stopPump` replace them and keep the same lifecycle: the pump runs from
session start, and it stops on release, controller retirement, failure,
and close.
- The delivery pass now reports what it left behind. Events that the
transport holds back itself (a pending turn start, a pending recovery
binding, a trace write that must be retried) are retried every 5 ms, as
before, and only while they are held. This is the only timer that
remains.
- A pass that stops after it exposes `turn/started` (so the driver can
bind the turn first) now continues in the next task. Before, the events
after it waited for the next 5 ms tick.
- `attachRun` wakes the pump when it moves the transport to the new run
identity.
- New regression test `src/live/runnerd-codex-transport-pump.test.ts`,
new opt-in benchmark
`src/live/runnerd-transport-pump.benchmark.test.ts`, a paced provider
fixture, and a test-only probe that records when each committed event
becomes readable.

How this meets `rules/sleep-aware-background-work.mdc`:

| Item | Answer |
| --- | --- |
| Trigger | The control plane's readable-state change. No timer. |
| Source of truth | The control plane's committed-event window and the
transport's delivery cursor. A notification is a hint to look at them. |
| Pending-work predicate | The pass returns `held` or `next_task`, or a
trace write is waiting. |
| Next deadline or retry | 5 ms, only while the predicate is true.
`next_task` uses one `setImmediate`. |
| Quiet condition | Nothing is held. Then the transport has no timer and
no scheduled task. Release, retirement, failure, and close stop it
completely. |

## Verification

**Reproduction and before/after measurement**

Run from `packages/paperclip-runner`:

```sh
PAPERCLIP_TRANSPORT_PUMP_BENCHMARK=1 pnpm exec vitest run src/live/runnerd-transport-pump.benchmark.test.ts
```

The benchmark opens 12 real transports against `runnerd` and a
credential-free provider fixture. It measures the open sessions while
nothing arrives. Then all 12 sessions stream one turn at the same time
(40 events each, one every 15 ms). "Before" is the unchanged source at
`e2cf9a670f`, which was the base of this branch when the measurements
were taken. "After" is this change on that base. Each cell shows two
runs, and the runs alternate between before and after. The host was a
shared macOS arm64 machine with other work running (load average 8 to
10), so absolute numbers carry that noise.

External checkpoint persistence. This is the mode that the server uses.

| Measure | Before | After |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Idle: control-plane state reads per session per second | 364 / 365 | 0
/ 0 |
| Idle: event-loop utilization, 12 new sessions | 1.5% / 1.5% | 0.0% /
0.0% |
| Idle: event-loop utilization, 49 retained events per session | 2.1% /
2.2% | 0.0% / 0.0% |
| Idle: process CPU, 49 retained events per session | 12.8 / 11.8 ms per
second | 0.05 / 0.04 ms per second |
| Delivery wait, mean (480 events) | 3.48 / 4.22 ms | 1.91 / 1.81 ms |
| Delivery wait, p50 | 3.16 / 3.97 ms | 0.83 / 0.58 ms |
| Delivery wait, p95 | 7.78 / 8.49 ms | 6.36 / 7.47 ms |
| Delivery wait, max | 8.84 / 9.23 ms | 9.07 / 8.86 ms |
| Delivery wait of the turn's terminal event, p50 | 2.37 / 2.58 ms |
0.08 / 0.05 ms |

The idle cost grows with the retained event window, as the profile
predicts. With `PAPERCLIP_TRANSPORT_PUMP_DELTAS=400` (409 retained
events per session, one run each): idle event-loop utilization 3.4%
before and 0.0% after, idle process CPU 21.5 ms per second before and
0.08 after. Delivery wait in that run: mean 5.93 ms before and 3.55 ms
after, p95 16.27 ms before and 8.03 ms after, max 66.94 ms before and
14.04 ms after.

Delivery wait is the time from the moment a reader can see a committed
event to the moment the transport hands it to the driver. It is equal or
better at every point. The p95 and the max did not move much. They
belong to the first events of each turn, which wait for the turn start
response. That wait is a separate 10 ms poll (`waitForRunnerCommand`),
and this pull request does not change it.

File persistence (the local journal, which writes and syncs on the main
thread):

| Measure | Before | After |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Idle: state reads per session per second | 363 / 364 | 0 / 0 |
| Delivery wait, 12 sessions, mean | 10.33 / 13.76 ms | 11.88 / 12.73 ms
|
| Delivery wait, 12 sessions, p50 | 6.04 / 6.87 ms | 6.34 / 6.20 ms |
| Delivery wait, 4 sessions and 400 events each, mean | 4.75 ms | 2.39
ms |
| Delivery wait, 4 sessions and 400 events each, p50 / p95 | 0.07 /
22.99 ms | 0.06 / 11.80 ms |

With 12 sessions the file journal saturates the main thread with its own
synchronous writes, and the wait is the time behind those writes. Three
more before-runs of that case gave means of 9.0, 14.0 and 20.2 ms, so
the two columns are the same within the noise. With 4 sessions the
journal does not saturate and the after column is better.

**Regression test (red, then green)**

```sh
pnpm exec vitest run src/live/runnerd-codex-transport-pump.test.ts
```

- `stops looking for events while an open session has none to deliver`
(file and external persistence). On the unchanged source: `expected 708
to be less than 100` and `expected 732 to be less than 100` state reads
in a 2 second idle window. With the fix: pass.
- `delivers each committed event in the next task, without a timer tick`
(file and external persistence). The test freezes every interval timer,
runs a full turn, and checks that each event is delivered before a task
that the test queues at the moment the event becomes readable. This is
an order check and does not depend on the speed of the host. On the
unchanged source: `the turn's events were delivered without a periodic
poll: expected false to be true`. With the fix: pass.
- Result: 4 of 4 failed on the unchanged source, 4 of 4 passed three
times with the fix, and 4 of 4 passed again after the rebase.

**Other local checks**

- `node ./node_modules/typescript/bin/tsc -p tsconfig.json --noEmit` and
`-p tsconfig.test.json --noEmit` in `packages/paperclip-runner`: pass on
the rebased commit.
- `pnpm exec vitest run src/live/runnerd-codex-transport` (15 files, 455
tests). These suites cover attachment, recovery, warm transition,
suspension, and release and resume on real `runnerd` processes. Before
the rebase, on a quieter host: all passed. On the rebased commit, at a
host load average of 15 to 20: 454 passed and 1 failed. The failure is
the terminal-replay row that is described below.
- `pnpm exec vitest run src/live src/control-plane
src/native-session-runtime.test.ts src/backends
src/drivers/dot/runnerd-dot-driver.test.ts
src/drivers/muse/runnerd-muse-driver.test.ts
src/drivers/codex/codex-protocol-integrity.test.ts --maxWorkers=3` (81
files): 1566 passed, 32 failed, 6 skipped. The failures:
- 30 failures in `runnerd-acpx-permission-ordering.test.ts` and
`runnerd-acpx-permission-forwarding.test.ts`. Both replace the control
plane with a fixture that appended events in place and relied on the 5
ms poll to notice them. The fixture now implements
`onReadableStateChange` and notifies its readers when it emits. Both
files pass (30 of 30).
- 1 failure in `runnerd-codex-transport.test.ts`, `stops a lost
runnerd's provider and escaped tool job from its lineage journal
(journal=true)`: `runner did not durably suspend before checkpoint`. It
passed 3 of 3 when run again alone.
- 1 failure in `runnerd-codex-transport-settlement.test.ts`, the
terminal-replay row of `settles only retained control authority without
starting another provider turn`: `native_cleanup_maintenance_unproven`,
with events still in the runner outbox. It failed again in 2 runs of
that test group and in the rebased run above, each time while the host
load average was 11 to 20. At a load average near 8 it passed 3 of 3
alone and 1 of 1 as a group with the fix. The unchanged master source
(`c8ae02e5ce`) gives the same result: it passed 2 of 2 alone and 1 of 1
as a group at a load average near 8, and the same row failed with the
same error (`native_cleanup_maintenance_unproven`, 27 events still in
the runner outbox) in a group run at a load average of 11 to 15. So this
row is sensitive to host load with or without this change. The failing
step is the retained-session maintenance path. That path builds its own
control plane, has no transport pump, has no listener on the new
notification, and has a fixed 30 second deadline.
- `pnpm verify` returns exit 2 (broader verification required, because
of the new fixture file). CI supplies the broad coverage.
- Not run locally: the server test suites, the repository-wide
typecheck, and the build. CI ran them on `4bce83f50a`: 59 checks passed
and 4 were skipped (Storybook deploy, Storybook visual regression,
Sandbox provider tests, Select Vitest files).

## Risks

- **A change that does not notify.** With no periodic pass, an event is
delivered only when something wakes the pump. Every wake comes from one
of a small, closed set: the five places where the store replaces or
saves its state, the checkpoint publication, the recovered-cursor
update, and the transport's own identity and start points. A new code
path that changes readable state without one of these would leave an
event undelivered until the next change. The regression test runs a full
turn with every interval timer frozen, in both persistence modes, so a
missing wake on the normal path fails the test. The existing transport
suites (attachment, recovery, warm transition, suspension, release and
resume) now run with no timer that could hide a missing wake.
- **Delivery in the next task, not later.** An event now reaches the
driver up to 5 ms earlier. The pass still runs in its own task after the
commit, and the same gates hold a terminal event until the turn start
response is released. The order of events does not change.
- **No protocol, schema, Rust runner, or provider pack change.** The
contract fingerprint inputs are untouched. Saved state from an older
release resumes the same way.

> For core feature work, check [`ROADMAP.md`](ROADMAP.md) first and
discuss it in `#dev` before opening the PR. Feature PRs that overlap
with planned core work may need to be redirected — check the roadmap
first. See `CONTRIBUTING.md`.

## Model Used

- Claude Fable 5.2 (`claude-fable-5-2`), Anthropic, in Claude Code. Tool
use and local code execution.

## Checklist

- [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context
to this change
- [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability
details)
- [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate
planned core work
- [x] I have searched GitHub for duplicate or related PRs and linked
them above
- [x] I have either (a) linked existing issues with `Fixes: #` / `Closes
#` / `Refs #` OR (b) described the issue in-PR following the relevant
issue template
- [x] I have not referenced internal/instance-local Paperclip issues or
links (only public GitHub `#NNN` / `github.com/paperclipai/paperclip`
URLs)
- [x] My branch name describes the change (e.g. `docs/...`, `fix/...`)
and contains no internal Paperclip ticket id or instance-derived details
- [x] I have run tests locally and they pass
- [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable
- [x] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes
- [x] I have considered and documented any risks above
- [x] All Paperclip CI gates are green
- [x] Greptile is 5/5 with no open P2s, recommendations, or follow-ups
- [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before
requesting merge

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-11-11 11:08:50 -06:00
..