## Thinking Path > - Paperclip is the open source app people use to manage AI agents for work. > - Agent runs often need provider credentials, API tokens, and other environment-bound secrets. > - Company-level secrets work for shared credentials, but they do not model values that should differ by human operator. > - Without a user-scoped model, a run can dispatch without knowing whether the responsible human has supplied the needed value. > - Paperclip also needs run attribution to make those user-scoped runtime checks deterministic and auditable. > - This pull request adds user-specific secret definitions, per-user values, environment bindings, responsible-user attribution, and runtime resolution gates. > - The benefit is that teams can define the secret once, let each user provide their own value, and block runs before dispatch when required user secrets or active definitions are unavailable. ## Linked Issues or Issue Description Refs #224 Refs #6057 This PR implements user-specific secret support as a core secret-management capability rather than a one-off adapter setting. It is related to existing public work on company secrets UI and runtime secret refs, but is distinct because the value is owned by the responsible user and resolved at run dispatch time. Related PR search before opening found existing secrets work such as #1550, #8256, #8614, #8634, and #8647; none of those add the full user-secret definition/value/runtime gate covered here. ## What Changed - Added user-secret definitions and per-user "My secrets" values, keeping stored values out of access metadata. - Added `user_secret_ref` environment bindings and UI affordances to pick them alongside existing secret refs. - Added responsible-user runtime resolution so user-secret refs resolve against the human responsible for the run. - Added pre-dispatch missing-secret gates so runs fail before adapter dispatch when required user values are absent or definitions are inactive. - Added low-trust allowlist hardening for user-secret runtime access. - Added issue, routine, run, and agent API key responsible-user attribution and fail-closed dispatch behavior when attribution cannot be resolved. - Added denial-copy mapping so responsible-user authorization failures surface as actionable run outcomes instead of opaque setup failures. - Added OpenAPI documentation for the user-secret routes. - Rebases cleanly on current `master`; migrations were renumbered incrementally as `0128_user_specific_secrets`, `0129_agent_api_key_responsible_user`, and `0130_run_responsible_user_invariant` after upstream `0126`/`0127` migrations. - Removed previously committed local design screenshots so the PR contains code/docs/tests only. ## Verification - PASS: PR head `2527febd106bcf3ca264ca0da7fca491084192d6` is based on `paperclipai/paperclip:master`. - PASS: `git diff --check` - PASS: `git diff --name-only public/master...HEAD | rg '^(pnpm-lock\\.yaml|\\.github/workflows/|screenshots/)' || true` produced no files. - PASS: migration journal audit confirmed unique indexes through `130` with tail entries `0126_issue_comment_derived_attribution`, `0127_environment_custom_images_instance_scoped`, `0128_user_specific_secrets`, `0129_agent_api_key_responsible_user`, and `0130_run_responsible_user_invariant`. - PASS: `pnpm --filter @paperclipai/ui typecheck` - PASS: `pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server typecheck` - PASS: `pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec vitest run src/__tests__/heartbeat-responsible-user-invariant.test.ts` - PASS: `pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec vitest run src/__tests__/heartbeat-active-run-output-watchdog.test.ts src/__tests__/heartbeat-stale-queue-invalidation.test.ts src/__tests__/heartbeat-workspace-finalize-branch.test.ts src/__tests__/issue-monitor-scheduler.test.ts` - PASS: `pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec vitest run src/__tests__/heartbeat-comment-wake-batching.test.ts src/__tests__/heartbeat-retry-scheduling.test.ts src/__tests__/heartbeat-accepted-plan-workspace-refresh.test.ts src/__tests__/heartbeat-plugin-environment.test.ts` - PASS: `pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec vitest run src/__tests__/low-trust-red-team-routes.test.ts` - PASS: `pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec vitest run src/__tests__/secrets-service.test.ts` (55 tests) - PASS: `pnpm vitest run server/src/__tests__/secrets-routes.test.ts server/src/__tests__/secrets-service.test.ts` (89 tests after final Greptile cleanup fixes) - PASS: `pnpm --filter @paperclipai/server exec vitest run src/__tests__/heartbeat-issue-liveness-escalation.test.ts` (17 tests after the final rebase CI fix) - PASS: focused server Vitest batches covering heartbeat recovery, project env, plugin env, routines, low-trust, pipelines, monitors, watchdog, and stale queue paths. - PASS: GitHub checks are green on `2527febd106bcf3ca264ca0da7fca491084192d6`, including Typecheck + Release Registry, Build, General tests, serialized server suites, e2e, Canary Dry Run, verify, security checks, and Greptile Review. - PASS: Greptile Review completed successfully on `2527febd106bcf3ca264ca0da7fca491084192d6` with Confidence Score 5/5, and GraphQL review-thread audit returned zero unresolved non-outdated threads. ## Risks - Runtime behavior now depends on a run having a correct responsible user; missing or incorrect responsibility assignment can block runs before adapter dispatch. - `user_secret_ref` bindings intentionally expose metadata without values, but UI/API callers may need to handle the new binding kind explicitly. - External secret providers and IAM policies are not automatically provisioned by this PR; operators still need to configure provider-side access for non-local vaults. - The PR is broad across db/shared/server/UI/runtime paths, so release validation should include both API and UI secret workflows before merge. - The migration renumbering is intentionally incremental after upstream migrations; the branch migrations use guarded column/table/index/constraint creation so users who tested the older draft numbering should not hit duplicate DDL for the existing objects. > For core feature work, check [`ROADMAP.md`](ROADMAP.md) first and discuss it in `#dev` before opening the PR. Feature PRs that overlap with planned core work may need to be redirected — check the roadmap first. See `CONTRIBUTING.md`. ## Model Used OpenAI Codex, GPT-5-based coding agent (`gpt-5`), Codex local adapter with shell/tool use and code execution. Context window and internal reasoning mode are not exposed by the runtime. ## Checklist - [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context to this change - [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability details) - [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate planned core work - [x] I have searched GitHub for duplicate or related PRs and linked them above - [x] I have either (a) linked existing issues with `Fixes: #` / `Closes #` / `Refs #` OR (b) described the issue in-PR following the relevant issue template - [x] I have not referenced internal/instance-local Paperclip issues or links (only public GitHub `#NNN` / `github.com/paperclipai/paperclip` URLs) - [x] My branch name describes the change (e.g. `docs/...`, `fix/...`) and contains no internal Paperclip ticket id or instance-derived details - [x] I have run tests locally and they pass - [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable - [x] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes - [x] I have considered and documented any risks above - [x] All Paperclip CI gates are green - [x] Greptile is 5/5 with no open P2s, recommendations, or follow-ups - [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before requesting merge --------- Co-authored-by: Paperclip <noreply@paperclip.ing> Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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title, summary
| title | summary |
|---|---|
| Secrets | Secrets CRUD |
Manage encrypted secrets that agents reference in their environment configuration.
List Secrets
GET /api/companies/{companyId}/secrets
Returns secret metadata (not decrypted values).
Create Secret
POST /api/companies/{companyId}/secrets
{
"name": "anthropic-api-key",
"value": "sk-ant-..."
}
The value is encrypted at rest. Only the secret ID and metadata are returned.
To link a provider-owned secret without copying the value into Paperclip, create an external-reference secret:
{
"name": "prod-stripe-key",
"provider": "aws_secrets_manager",
"managedMode": "external_reference",
"externalRef": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:123456789012:secret:paperclip/prod/stripe",
"providerVersionRef": "version-id-or-label"
}
Paperclip stores the provider reference and a non-sensitive fingerprint only. The value is resolved, when the provider is configured, through the server runtime path that enforces binding context and records access events.
Provider Health
GET /api/companies/{companyId}/secret-providers/health
Returns provider setup diagnostics, warnings, and local backup guidance. Health responses must not include secret values or provider credentials.
For aws_secrets_manager, an unready health response names the missing
non-secret provider environment variables, the AWS SDK default credential source
expected by the server runtime, and the custody rule that AWS bootstrap
credentials must not be stored in Paperclip company_secrets.
The equivalent CLI check is:
pnpm paperclipai secrets doctor --company-id {companyId}
Provider Vaults
Provider vaults are named, company-scoped configurations that route secret material to one of the supported provider backends. See the secrets deploy guide for the operator model and custody rules.
All routes below require board auth and company access. Mutating routes emit
secret_provider_config.* activity-log entries. No route in this surface
returns provider credential values; submitting credential-shaped fields in
config is rejected at validation time.
List Vaults
GET /api/companies/{companyId}/secret-provider-configs
Returns every vault for the company (including disabled rows for audit), each
with id, provider, displayName, status, isDefault, non-sensitive config,
latest health snapshot (healthStatus, healthCheckedAt, healthMessage,
healthDetails), disabledAt, and audit columns.
Create Vault
POST /api/companies/{companyId}/secret-provider-configs
{
"provider": "aws_secrets_manager",
"displayName": "Prod US-East",
"isDefault": true,
"config": {
"region": "us-east-1",
"namespace": "paperclip",
"secretNamePrefix": "paperclip",
"kmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:123456789012:key/abcd-...",
"environmentTag": "production"
}
}
Per-provider config shapes:
local_encrypted: optionalbackupReminderAcknowledged: boolean.aws_secrets_manager: requiredregion; optionalnamespace,secretNamePrefix,kmsKeyId,ownerTag,environmentTag.gcp_secret_manager(coming soon): optionalprojectId,location,namespace,secretNamePrefix.vault(coming soon): optional origin-only HTTPSaddress,namespace,mountPath,secretPathPrefix.addressvalues with embedded credentials, paths, query strings, or fragments are rejected.
status defaults to ready for local_encrypted and aws_secrets_manager,
and to coming_soon for gcp_secret_manager and vault. Coming-soon and
disabled vaults cannot be marked isDefault. Setting isDefault: true clears
the previous default for the same provider in the same transaction.
Get Vault
GET /api/secret-provider-configs/{id}
Update Vault
PATCH /api/secret-provider-configs/{id}
{
"displayName": "Prod US-East-2",
"config": {
"region": "us-east-2",
"kmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-2:123456789012:key/abcd-..."
}
}
config is replaced wholesale on update — pass the full provider config
payload, not a partial diff. Status transitions for gcp_secret_manager and
vault are constrained to coming_soon and disabled until their runtime
modules ship.
Disable Vault
DELETE /api/secret-provider-configs/{id}
Soft-deletes the vault: status flips to disabled, isDefault clears, and
disabledAt is stamped. Disabled vaults remain in GET results for audit
purposes but are no longer offered in the secret create/rotate flow.
Set Default
POST /api/secret-provider-configs/{id}/default
Marks the target vault as the default for its provider family and clears the
previous default. Returns 422 when the target is coming_soon or disabled.
Run Health Check
POST /api/secret-provider-configs/{id}/health
Runs a provider-specific health probe and persists the result on the vault. Response shape:
{
"configId": "<uuid>",
"provider": "aws_secrets_manager",
"status": "ready" | "warning" | "error" | "coming_soon" | "disabled",
"message": "Provider vault is ready to handle managed writes",
"details": {
"code": "provider_ready",
"message": "...",
"guidance": ["..."]
},
"checkedAt": "2026-05-06T14:00:00.000Z"
}
Health responses never include provider credentials or secret values. For AWS
vaults, details.guidance may include missing non-secret env names and the
expected AWS SDK credential source; coming-soon vaults always return
status: "coming_soon" with code: "runtime_locked" and never call into
provider modules.
Selecting A Vault When Creating Or Rotating Secrets
POST /api/companies/{companyId}/secrets and
POST /api/secrets/{secretId}/rotate both accept an optional
providerConfigId field that pins the secret to a specific vault. When
omitted (or null), the operation runs through the deployment-level provider
configuration — the same path existing installs already use. The board UI
preselects the company's default vault for the chosen provider before
submitting, so callers should usually send an explicit providerConfigId.
Coming-soon and disabled vaults are rejected with a 422; a vault that does not
match the secret's provider is rejected the same way.
POST /api/companies/{companyId}/secrets
{
"name": "prod-stripe-key",
"provider": "aws_secrets_manager",
"providerConfigId": "<vault-uuid>",
"managedMode": "external_reference",
"externalRef": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:123456789012:secret:paperclip/prod/stripe"
}
Response Redaction Rules
Every route in this surface enforces the same redaction contract:
- Secret values are never returned. The board UI never has a "reveal value" affordance; resolution happens server-side at runtime under a binding.
- Provider credential values are never accepted, stored, returned, logged, or echoed in error messages. Submitting credential-shaped fields fails validation with a non-leaking error.
- Activity log entries record vault id, provider, displayName, status, and
isDefault transitions — never
configpayloads or health detail bodies.
Remote Import From AWS Secrets Manager
Remote import links existing AWS Secrets Manager entries into Paperclip as
external_reference secrets. Import stores provider reference metadata only; it
does not copy the remote secret plaintext into Paperclip.
The routes are board-only and company-scoped. providerConfigId must point to
a same-company AWS provider vault with status ready or warning. Disabled,
coming-soon, non-AWS, and cross-company vaults are rejected. Imported secrets
resolve later through the selected vault, so runtime reads still need
secretsmanager:GetSecretValue and any required KMS decrypt permission on the
selected external secret.
Preview Remote Import Candidates
POST /api/companies/{companyId}/secrets/remote-import/preview
{
"providerConfigId": "<aws-vault-uuid>",
"query": "stripe",
"nextToken": "opaque-provider-token",
"pageSize": 50
}
query is optional and is passed to AWS Secrets Manager inventory filtering.
Treat it as non-secret metadata because AWS may record list request parameters
in CloudTrail. nextToken is an opaque AWS cursor; callers must pass it back
unchanged and must not synthesize offsets. pageSize is optional, defaults to
50 in the UI, and is capped at 100.
Preview uses AWS ListSecrets only. It must not call GetSecretValue or
BatchGetSecretValue, must not request SecretString, and must not require KMS
decrypt. The response contains sanitized metadata for display and conflict
decisions:
{
"providerConfigId": "<aws-vault-uuid>",
"provider": "aws_secrets_manager",
"nextToken": null,
"candidates": [
{
"externalRef": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:123456789012:secret:prod/stripe",
"remoteName": "prod/stripe",
"name": "prod/stripe",
"key": "prod-stripe",
"providerVersionRef": null,
"providerMetadata": {
"createdDate": "2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z",
"lastChangedDate": "2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z",
"hasDescription": true,
"hasKmsKey": true,
"tagCount": 3
},
"status": "ready",
"importable": true,
"conflicts": []
}
]
}
Candidate statuses:
ready: the row can be selected for import.duplicate: a Paperclip secret already links the same canonical provider reference for the same provider vault.conflict: the row has a name/key collision or provider guardrail failure.
Conflict types are exact_reference, name, key, and
provider_guardrail. AWS refs under Paperclip's own managed namespace are
blocked as external references; use the Paperclip-managed secret flow for those
resources instead.
Import Selected Remote References
POST /api/companies/{companyId}/secrets/remote-import
{
"providerConfigId": "<aws-vault-uuid>",
"secrets": [
{
"externalRef": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:123456789012:secret:prod/stripe",
"name": "Stripe production key",
"key": "stripe-production-key",
"description": "Stripe key used by production checkout",
"providerVersionRef": null,
"providerMetadata": {
"createdDate": "2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z"
}
}
]
}
The secrets array accepts 1-100 rows. Each row may override the suggested
Paperclip name, key, optional Paperclip description,
providerVersionRef, and sanitized providerMetadata. Blank descriptions are
stored as null; AWS provider descriptions are not copied into Paperclip
descriptions. The backend re-checks duplicate refs and name/key conflicts at
submit time; a stale preview does not bypass those checks.
The import response is row-level:
{
"providerConfigId": "<aws-vault-uuid>",
"provider": "aws_secrets_manager",
"importedCount": 1,
"skippedCount": 1,
"errorCount": 0,
"results": [
{
"externalRef": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:123456789012:secret:prod/stripe",
"name": "Stripe production key",
"key": "stripe-production-key",
"status": "imported",
"reason": null,
"secretId": "<paperclip-secret-id>",
"conflicts": []
}
]
}
Row statuses:
imported: Paperclip created an activeexternal_referencesecret and one metadata-only version row.skipped: the row had an exact-reference duplicate or name/key conflict.error: the provider rejected the reference or the row failed validation.
Activity logs for preview/import store aggregate counts, provider id, and vault id only. They must not store remote secret names, ARNs, descriptions, tags, plaintext values, provider credentials, or raw AWS error blobs.
Rotate Secret
POST /api/secrets/{secretId}/rotate
{
"value": "sk-ant-new-value..."
}
Creates a new version of the secret. Agents referencing "version": "latest"
automatically get the new value on next heartbeat. Pin to a specific version
when a bad latest rollout would affect many agents at once.
Using Secrets in Agent Config
Reference secrets in agent adapter config instead of inline values:
{
"env": {
"ANTHROPIC_API_KEY": {
"type": "secret_ref",
"secretId": "{secretId}",
"version": "latest"
}
}
}
The server resolves and decrypts secret references at runtime, injecting the real value into the agent process environment. Paperclip's custody guarantees end at injection: the agent process can read, log, or forward the value, so treat any secret bound to an agent as exposed to that agent. See the custody boundaries note in the secrets deploy guide.
User-specific env bindings use a definition key instead of a concrete
secretId. The concrete value is resolved for the run's responsible user:
{
"env": {
"GITHUB_TOKEN": {
"type": "user_secret_ref",
"key": "github_api_token",
"version": "latest",
"required": true,
"allowMissingOverride": false
}
}
}
required defaults to true and allowMissingOverride defaults to false.
Missing required user-secret values must fail closed before adapter dispatch.
Optional missing values omit the environment variable; they must not inject an
empty string or another user's value. Paperclip records value-free access
events with secretScope, responsibleUserId, credentialOwnerUserId, and
userSecretDefinitionId.
Portability
Company export/import APIs represent agent and project environment requirements as declarations in the package manifest. Exports omit secret values, secret IDs, provider references, and encrypted provider material. Use:
pnpm paperclipai secrets declarations --company-id {companyId}
to inspect the declarations that an export would emit before moving a package.