diff --git a/server/src/__tests__/agent-cross-tenant-authz-routes.test.ts b/server/src/__tests__/agent-cross-tenant-authz-routes.test.ts
index ac5c9313aee..1df94d90352 100644
--- a/server/src/__tests__/agent-cross-tenant-authz-routes.test.ts
+++ b/server/src/__tests__/agent-cross-tenant-authz-routes.test.ts
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ const mockAgentService = vi.hoisted(() => ({
 
 const mockAccessService = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   canUser: vi.fn(),
+  decide: vi.fn(),
   hasPermission: vi.fn(),
   getMembership: vi.fn(),
   ensureMembership: vi.fn(),
@@ -293,6 +294,17 @@ function resetMockDefaults() {
     revokedAt: new Date("2026-04-11T00:05:00.000Z"),
   }));
   mockAccessService.canUser.mockImplementation(async () => currentAccessCanUser);
+  mockAccessService.decide.mockImplementation(async (input: { actor?: { type?: string; source?: string }; action?: string }) => {
+    const allowed = input.actor?.type === "board" && input.actor.source === "local_implicit"
+      ? true
+      : currentAccessCanUser;
+    return {
+      allowed,
+      action: input.action,
+      reason: allowed ? "allow_explicit_grant" : "deny_missing_grant",
+      explanation: allowed ? "Allowed by test grant." : `Missing permission: ${input.action ?? "action"}`,
+    };
+  });
   mockAccessService.hasPermission.mockImplementation(async () => false);
   mockAccessService.getMembership.mockImplementation(async () => null);
   mockAccessService.listPrincipalGrants.mockImplementation(async () => []);
diff --git a/server/src/__tests__/agent-live-run-routes.test.ts b/server/src/__tests__/agent-live-run-routes.test.ts
index 0eeebe524f1..d0549059a30 100644
--- a/server/src/__tests__/agent-live-run-routes.test.ts
+++ b/server/src/__tests__/agent-live-run-routes.test.ts
@@ -51,7 +51,16 @@ function registerModuleMocks() {
   vi.doMock("../services/index.js", () => ({
     agentService: () => mockAgentService,
     agentInstructionsService: () => ({}),
-    accessService: () => ({}),
+    accessService: () => ({
+      canUser: vi.fn(async () => true),
+      decide: vi.fn(async (input: { action?: string }) => ({
+        allowed: true,
+        action: input.action,
+        reason: "allow_explicit_grant",
+        explanation: "Allowed by test grant.",
+      })),
+      hasPermission: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    }),
     approvalService: () => ({}),
     companySkillService: () => ({ listRuntimeSkillEntries: vi.fn() }),
     budgetService: () => ({}),
diff --git a/server/src/__tests__/issue-assigned-backlog-contract-routes.test.ts b/server/src/__tests__/issue-assigned-backlog-contract-routes.test.ts
index 2dc70626322..bd196a60a03 100644
--- a/server/src/__tests__/issue-assigned-backlog-contract-routes.test.ts
+++ b/server/src/__tests__/issue-assigned-backlog-contract-routes.test.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ const mockIssueService = vi.hoisted(() => ({
 vi.mock("../services/index.js", () => ({
   accessService: () => ({
     canUser: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    decide: vi.fn(async (input: { action?: string }) => ({
+      allowed: true,
+      action: input.action,
+      reason: "allow_explicit_grant",
+      explanation: "Allowed by test grant.",
+    })),
     hasPermission: vi.fn(async () => true),
   }),
   agentService: () => ({
diff --git a/server/src/__tests__/issue-comment-reopen-routes.test.ts b/server/src/__tests__/issue-comment-reopen-routes.test.ts
index ecb3db9bf8f..ad4ee770498 100644
--- a/server/src/__tests__/issue-comment-reopen-routes.test.ts
+++ b/server/src/__tests__/issue-comment-reopen-routes.test.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ const mockIssueService = vi.hoisted(() => ({
 
 const mockAccessService = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   canUser: vi.fn(),
+  decide: vi.fn(),
   hasPermission: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
@@ -229,6 +230,7 @@ describe.sequential("issue comment reopen routes", () => {
     mockIssueService.listWakeableBlockedDependents.mockReset();
     mockIssueService.getWakeableParentAfterChildCompletion.mockReset();
     mockAccessService.canUser.mockReset();
+    mockAccessService.decide.mockReset();
     mockAccessService.hasPermission.mockReset();
     mockHeartbeatService.wakeup.mockReset();
     mockHeartbeatService.reportRunActivity.mockReset();
@@ -307,6 +309,15 @@ describe.sequential("issue comment reopen routes", () => {
     mockIssueService.getWakeableParentAfterChildCompletion.mockResolvedValue(null);
     mockIssueService.assertCheckoutOwner.mockResolvedValue({ adoptedFromRunId: null });
     mockAccessService.canUser.mockResolvedValue(false);
+    mockAccessService.decide.mockImplementation(async (input: { action?: string }) => {
+      const allowed = input.action !== "tasks:manage_active_checkouts";
+      return {
+        allowed,
+        action: input.action,
+        reason: allowed ? "allow_explicit_grant" : "deny_missing_grant",
+        explanation: allowed ? "Allowed by test grant." : "Missing active checkout override.",
+      };
+    });
     mockAccessService.hasPermission.mockResolvedValue(false);
     mockAgentService.getById.mockResolvedValue(null);
     mockAgentService.list.mockResolvedValue([
diff --git a/server/src/__tests__/issue-execution-policy-routes.test.ts b/server/src/__tests__/issue-execution-policy-routes.test.ts
index 1b0db770a19..0b7392d2e2e 100644
--- a/server/src/__tests__/issue-execution-policy-routes.test.ts
+++ b/server/src/__tests__/issue-execution-policy-routes.test.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ const mockHeartbeatService = vi.hoisted(() => ({
 
 const mockAccessService = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   canUser: vi.fn(async () => false),
+  decide: vi.fn(),
   hasPermission: vi.fn(async () => false),
 }));
 
@@ -160,6 +161,17 @@ describe("issue execution policy routes", () => {
       parentBlockerAdded: false,
     });
     mockAccessService.canUser.mockResolvedValue(false);
+    mockAccessService.decide.mockImplementation(async (input: { actor?: { type?: string; source?: string }; action?: string }) => {
+      const allowed = input.actor?.type === "board" && input.actor.source === "local_implicit"
+        ? true
+        : Boolean(await mockAccessService.canUser() || await mockAccessService.hasPermission());
+      return {
+        allowed,
+        action: input.action,
+        reason: allowed ? "allow_explicit_grant" : "deny_missing_grant",
+        explanation: allowed ? "Allowed by test grant." : `Missing permission: ${input.action ?? "action"}`,
+      };
+    });
     mockAccessService.hasPermission.mockResolvedValue(false);
   });
 
diff --git a/server/src/__tests__/issue-thread-interaction-routes.test.ts b/server/src/__tests__/issue-thread-interaction-routes.test.ts
index 818c5d7d9ac..785dbf182cf 100644
--- a/server/src/__tests__/issue-thread-interaction-routes.test.ts
+++ b/server/src/__tests__/issue-thread-interaction-routes.test.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@ function registerModuleMocks() {
     }),
     accessService: () => ({
       canUser: vi.fn(async () => true),
+      decide: vi.fn(async (input: { action?: string }) => ({
+        allowed: true,
+        action: input.action,
+        reason: "allow_explicit_grant",
+        explanation: "Allowed by test grant.",
+      })),
       hasPermission: vi.fn(async () => true),
     }),
     agentService: () => ({
diff --git a/server/src/__tests__/issue-update-comment-wakeup-routes.test.ts b/server/src/__tests__/issue-update-comment-wakeup-routes.test.ts
index 167037fbafd..42539b218bc 100644
--- a/server/src/__tests__/issue-update-comment-wakeup-routes.test.ts
+++ b/server/src/__tests__/issue-update-comment-wakeup-routes.test.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ vi.mock("../services/index.js", () => ({
   }),
   accessService: () => ({
     canUser: vi.fn(async () => true),
+    decide: vi.fn(async (input: { action?: string }) => ({
+      allowed: true,
+      action: input.action,
+      reason: "allow_explicit_grant",
+      explanation: "Allowed by test grant.",
+    })),
     hasPermission: vi.fn(async () => true),
   }),
   agentService: () => ({
@@ -95,6 +101,12 @@ function registerModuleMocks() {
     }),
     accessService: () => ({
       canUser: vi.fn(async () => true),
+      decide: vi.fn(async (input: { action?: string }) => ({
+        allowed: true,
+        action: input.action,
+        reason: "allow_explicit_grant",
+        explanation: "Allowed by test grant.",
+      })),
       hasPermission: vi.fn(async () => true),
     }),
     agentService: () => ({